Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (Physalien) is a lutein carotenoid found in fruits with anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-oxidative stress activity that attenuates ethanol-induced liver injury.Zeaxanthin dipalmitate restores mitochondrial autophagy, a function that has been inhibited by ethanol intoxication. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate protects degenerated photoreceptors in the retina of mice and improves visual acuity in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration, and may be used in studies of alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

P2X7 receptor:81.2 nM (kd), lipocalin receptor 1 (AdipoR1 ):533 nM (kd)

Zeaxanthin dipalmitate 以正向剂量依赖的方式直接与P2X7受体（Kd=81.2 nM）和脂联素受体1（AdipoR1；Kd=533 nM）相互作用。
Zeaxanthin dipalmitate （1 µM；2小时）能够完全或部分逆转乙醇（250 mM）对BRL-3A细胞中Atg5、beclin-1和LC3A/B的下调作用，同时也能够逆转乙醇对p62的上调影响,也部分恢复了BRL-3A细胞中乙醇抑制的LC3B表达，此外还部分恢复了乙醇抑制的BRL-3A细胞的活力和乙醇诱导的caspase-3/7活性，并恢复了乙醇诱导的BRL-3A细胞线粒体自噬抑制。[1][2]

Zeaxanthin dipalmitate（10 mg/kg，口服，每日一次，持续两周）有效降低了在AFLD模型中由于长期乙醇挑战导致的血清ALT和AST水平。此外，该剂量的Zeaxanthin dipalmitate 能够显著减轻组织损伤，并减缓因AFLD引起的肝细胞凋亡（通过caspase-3/7活性评估）和炎症（TNF-α）的程度。在rd10小鼠中，单次玻璃体内注射 Zeaxanthin dipalmitate（约4 μM）能够改善其视觉行为，延缓视网膜光感受器的退化。同时，这种剂量还增强了光感受器、双极细胞和视网膜神经节细胞的光响应，并降低了rd10小鼠中与炎症、凋亡和氧化应激相关的基因表达。[1][2]